Friday 28 March 2014

The Beauty from a Lie

Just a quick post this time about a realisation that I came to, about a playscheme and my relationship with the children that access it.
The back story to this is that I am a compulsive liar when it comes to children asking me my name. As a rule I try not to introduce myself to children when I first meet them, whose to say they want to know me at all? They may want nothing to do with me; and that's ok. On the whole I get asked what my name is quite early on at a new site though...other than...wait that's not the point.
The point is that when I get asked what my name is I always lie and I don't know why. I don't think that it's necessarily a bad thing (albeit potentially unethical) but before I can think about it I've already explained that I'm Net-man, The Driver, Gary, Erasmus etc... to name the ones that first spring to mind.
In fact in one site most of the children refer to me as Net-man still, nearly a year after that initial lie.

But whilst peculiar I don't do it maliciously, it is with playful intent and on every occasion I have done it, it has been received in this way. They may keep asking me my name and I'll keep giving different name until they decide or realise that indeed my name is Luke. Or they'll ask other staff or playworkers when me and my lies are elsewhere.

Which brings me to the latest site and my latest lie. The group of lads I first met were all very intrigued by playscheme and quickly realised that we weren't constraining or prescriptive adults. That in fact we were very playful, especially when they wanted us to be.
So they asked me what my name was...and I told them I was called Gary. So they were all shouting Gary at me while I was trying to slay them all with a foam sword. And later on one of the lads came up to me and asked me my name (presumably they hadn't heard that it was Gary).
So I told him I was Rodney.
This led to a very confusing game of football when Gary was put on one team and Rodney on another. Neither party had realised that they were one and the same.
The following session went very well and the air was fully of laughter as another game of football spawned (these lads are incredibly fond of playing football) and included shouts of "Pass the ball Gary", "Over here Rodney".

But on the third session in this area the issue came to head. "Whose Gary?", "That is", "No, that's Rodney". And then they all looked at me in a moment of silence and confusion. "Rodney" one of the lads said "Yeah?" I replied, "Wanna play football?" they asked me; and we played.
These group of lads now know that my name isn't Rodney, Nor Gary. But they don't care what my real name is and derive more fun from calling me Rodney, Rodders, Rodger or Martin Luther (Not Martin Luther King Jr), than in trying to find out what my actual name is.

These children now have complete ownership over what my name is, and from the view of playworkers as loose parts I find that quite beautiful.

Tuesday 11 March 2014

Adulteration


In my experience I have noticed that adults have the desire for structure in any form or construct, and that play is no exception to this desire. Since the dawn of playwork there has been literature dedicated to the classification and explanation of nearly everything. From The Colorado Paper (Sturrock and Else) to the play types (Hughes) to the playwork principles, to the theory of Loose Parts (Nicholson). And while there are a sea of more examples I could use to illustrate this point those are the most well-known; I assume.
And what all this classification has done is made things clearer and easier for playworkers to understand what it is they are doing, why they’re doing and how to do it. Or does it?
As if it doesn’t then I have to wonder what the point of it all is.
In my experience, whilst helpful, all the literature surrounding play and playwork that I have encountered has often become fuel for argument. Each individual may interpret the work differently, implement it differently or have their own beliefs, approaches and ideas that haven’t been published.
And I think this is because play is a subject of philosophy.

 
The topic I am trying to get around to is adulteration, and that I now realise how different my view of adulteration is to those around me and elsewhere in the play sector. And that only now do I see that adulteration is subject to the same ambiguity that so many other terms are.
The dictionary definition of adulteration is “the addition of impure or inferior materials” which strikes the extrapolation of the term into playwork for me as genius. Re-reading The Colorado Paper (Sturrock and Else 1998) I came across this sentence “There is a danger that the play aims and objects of the children become contaminated by, either the wishes of the adult in an urge to ‘teach’ or ‘educate’, simply to dominate, or by the worker’s own unplayed out material”. And when first on P3 training I was introduced to the concept of adulteration as “controlled or spoiled by adults”.
From what I have been taught there is no doubt that it is adults that adulterate. Yet at what point does an adult begin to adulterate and at which point are they not adulterating?

 
I have seen adults try to “teach” and “educate” children on a play setting, I have seen them control play or push it in the direction they want it to follow but is that all adulteration is? The example that comes to mind most often is of an occasion when I saw a playworker standing, watching children play on a rope swing. And when those three children spotted the playworker they instantly became ridged, they let go of the rope swing and that play in that space at that time ceased. They went elsewhere to do something where that playworker wasn’t.
Surely was adulteration.
Did that playworkers presence not inhibit that play? Did it not have a negative effect on that play frame?
So it is not only our actions that can adulterate but also our presence.

 
From that logic I realised that even when I was trying not to adulterate to the best of my abilities, I was still adulterating with my presence; even when I didn’t realise it. That simply by existing I was adulterating and that as an adult there is nothing I can do about that.
Which unfortunately resulted in me being paralysed for the next three to fourth months of my playwork practice. I struggled being involved in any sort of play with any children, convinced that my presence and actions were adulterating. That the play would be “better” therefore is I wasn’t a part of it. That I was “the addition of impure or inferior materials”.
But over those months I came to realise that, through the minimal interaction I had with children, I was making no detrimental impact on their play. That whilst, by existing, I was adulterating, I was doing no harm. That although it is inevitable that I will adulterate, that there is a distinction between adulterating as an adult (which is inevitable) and adulterating as a playworker (which is not).

 
I think adulterating as a playworker comes from being more or less than a player. More than a player being leading and taking over the play or expecting outcomes. Less than a player being putting a stop to play (which I admit has to be done in some situations however rare they may be), reducing the possibility of more possibilities (Stuart Lester) or simply refusing to interact all together. As are we, as playworkers, not the most diverse loose part of all? With the most diverse uses and the most infinite of interactions?
And being a player (neither more or less than one) comes from Depth. But that is a concept to write about another time.

Saturday 8 March 2014

Rough Thought on Play Wants (Part 2)


It didn’t go; in fact it’s worse than ever.

For play not to be innate goes against the very core Principles of Playwork and everything I’ve ever been taught about it.
Heck the very first Playwork Principle states, and I quote “The impulse to play is innate”.
And it stands to logic that it is innate.  Yet at the same time it’s such a big concept that I wouldn’t know where to begin. I think I’ll explore the concept of it not being innate first and then let you guys find the flaws in what I’ve said and what I’m probably about to say.
I use the word happiness in its most general definition, that being any form of positive emotion.

 
At the moment, however at war with myself as I am, I think that in the wider sense, in the practical field of Playwork, the concept of play not being innate makes little difference. For it to be innate or not doesn’t challenge the importance of play or how to go about supporting and facilitating it. It just challenges the origins of such behaviour.
On that note, if such a train of thought was to be followed and play was considered the method by which we seek positive emotion, following out first good feeling as a foetus or baby. It could be said that not only are there infinitely more types of play than previously conceived (as now anything that makes us happy is a form of play) but also; that play is nurtures means to natures end. Nurture here referring to anything that isn’t biological.

But on that thought play could be innate, a natural process that is only triggered upon our first good feeling. Much in the same way that puberty doesn’t occur until later in life. The understanding of biological processes that don’t occur from birth could rectify my conundrum.
Yet my mind remains unsatisfied.

 
So now potentially Play Wants are even more abundant and important than originally thought. The Play Need is happiness and play itself is a biological trigger that activates after our first experience of positive emotions; only to expand and evolve as nurture increases in influence.

 
Play is the means by which we seek happiness. That much I’m sure of.

 

 

 

 

Rough Thought on Play Wants (Part 1)


(this was written 11/12/13)
 
Recently I’ve had a bad back, it’s nothing new. I get them from time to time, a result of my unnecessary height. But logic tells me that somehow this back ache is also perhaps due to the children who are often attached to me, or jumping on me. I don’t have anything wrong with giving piggybacks or shoulder rides, if that’s what the children want from me then that’s what they’ll get; utilise me, use me, I’m a loose part etc. etc…
However this back ache has triggered a thought, and that thought has triggered a question, and that question has festered in my mind; and now I’m an insomniac as well as having a back ache. Just to clarify it’s not my back that’s keeping me up; it is the thought.
And the thought is this (in its simplest form);
Children do not need piggy backs, they want them. But they need play. Yet a piggy back is their form of play in that moment in time.
The thought then expanded;
Therefore there must be a distinction between what is needed in play and what is wanted.


From that thought of a distinction between what is needed and what is wanted in Play I turned my mind to the concept of Play Needs. I think that to identify a Play Need would be unproductive as a result of the ever-evolving nature of play. That what would be easier would be to just ensure that as many Play Needs could be accessed as possible at any one time i.e. loose parts.
Still with that opinion, but including with it this new thought not of Play Needs, but of Play Wants, I looked again.
A Play Want is thus not essential to the play process, to not facilitate it may end a specific form of play, yet the play itself will still exist. However with this definition, a Play Need that is not facilitated will end the play process; that whatever that need is it is essential to the existence of Play. That is not to say that one eliminates the other but that the two co-exist, that there are both Play Needs and Play Wants.
So I guess what are constantly evolving are the Play Wants and not the Play Needs. I think of it like this, the need to eat, to drink and to sleep do not evolve. We will not suddenly evolve a new way in which to sustain our bodies. But the want to build a fire, the want to have a piggy back or build a den will, can and does evolve.


So the question becomes; what is it about Play that we need? That is under the assumption that everything else is a want and is thus not “essential”.


My initial thoughts about what it is about Play that we need stemmed from reading Marketta Kytta’s (2004); the thoughts; the factors, being Mobility and Affordances.
Yet without Affordances one can still run through the wasteland with their Mobility. And without Mobility one can still access the Affordances near to them. And without both Mobility and Affordances one can still play with those around them. Even then if you have neither Mobility nor Affordances, nor people with which to play then there are still ideas and emotions to play with; albeit it in the most restricted sense.
However then we enter the realm of Play Deprivation, something which this writing is not in the subject to address. However it is worth noting that along the way play stopped. So somewhere within the nooks and crannies of those words is the possibility of identifying a Play Need.


Now swimming blindly in the ocean of thought that is play, it would seem wise to use Affordances and Mobility as an anchor with which to continue our search for a Play Need/s, for the very essence that makes play possible.
In some space between having both Mobility and Affordances and in having nothing and being deprived, there is a point in which play stops. Potentially it is a process that causes it to stop or that in some way it fades away; much in the way the sun sets. However I can’t see a way of identifying a process by which it fades away without before identifying the nucleus on which the process is based.


Perhaps it is a question of freedom. Not referring to the ability to move from one place to another but referring to the way in which other people command us. To be free is to have no master. In theory with freedom comes the ability to do what you want without consequence and to me that sounds like a state in which play would be fruitful. Yet it is merely an ideological thought as are any of us truly free?  
Admittedly this is deep, profound stuff, following the works of Rudolf Steiner and Albert Camus; but worth exploring in our quest for a Play Need.
In everyday life I think of who we are commanded by, who is it in our lives that has influence over us, who’s orders we follow. Parents, managers, police, all agents of socialisation in fact and even friends. But from a child’s position the list must seem endless. From all angles people are telling them what to do, they can say no to friends (some of the time) but on the whole everyone around them is an adult and has some level of control over them. Teachers, parents, neighbours, police, bus drivers, shop staff, etc.
But for arguments sake lets imagine a state in which you are above these agents of control, or better yet, they do not exist. Even then, do we have freedom?
If one has religion then they are a slave to their God; they are not free in that sense; yet they can still play. Just because you worship a deity or deities does not mean that you’re incapable of play; that very thought is preposterous.
However are any of us truly free? Are we not all at the end of the day a slave to Time and as such all condemned to death? The point being that as none of us are truly free, in that we are all commanded in one sense or the other, in its rawest, by time and that our level of freedom is limited always. But that even while having this limited freedom we can still play. And more importantly children, who are commanded by parents, teachers, laws, society, time and a load of other things, can still play.
So it cannot be a question of freedom, as none of us have it in the first place. Not there will we find a Play Need.
But again (Not including the example of Time) the more “Freedom” we have, logically, the more lucid play can be.


So if the trigger that makes Play possible isn’t physical (Affordances and Mobility) or an idea (Freedom), then perhaps it is an emotion? I can think of no other category with which to follow.
Obviously it must be something that is experienced during play, boredom for instance would not be a good place to start? Or would it? I have known cases when children have told me that they are bored, yet they have not left the play setting. As much as my intuition can guide me I would say that they remain because they want to play, and that boredom is thus a state when one is not playing.
So with this identified the opposite of boredom must be a state in which play does occur. At a guess I would say that the opposite of boredom would be excitement.
The key point here being that boredom is a negative emotion and now we have established excitement as the positive alternative. Yet excitement is not our Play Need.


Yet with excitement not being our Play need what is? Indeed in positive emotion logic stands to say play can flourish, so if herein lies the nucleus essential for play to exist, the trigger for its being, the core of such positive emotion must be out Play Need.
And the core of positive emotion is happiness.


Happiness? It sounds so cliché, so obvious. Too obvious in fact, it can’t be right, but the more I think about it the more it makes sense to me. In the depths of depression people are not considered playful.



If this is taken as fact, as now after careful thought I do. We can acknowledge play as being positive, which it is. Yes there may be the question of the Dark Side of Play, but I think that to play in happiness is to also play on the brink of happiness, and no doubt one person’s fall from happiness can cause another to rise in the state from happy to happier; however cruel that may sound, truths are truths.


Now if we bring back the idea of Play Wants, those which are none essential to Play and take them into consideration with the idea that the Play Need is happiness we come to an interesting conclusion.


Consider Play Wants, them now referring to all and every type and degree of Play; with the Play Need just being a degree of happiness. So why is it that we facilitate this infinite number of play types for children? If the Play Need is a degree of happiness why do we facilitate such infinite numbers of Play Wants? Why else other than for the fact that they enjoy it, that it results in positive feelings. And with the core of positive feeling and emotion being happiness the Play Wants become more important than first conceived.


They may not be the trigger necessary for plays existence or the seed from which it stems but that they cause positive feeling is a vital point as now a continuum is established:
Happiness results in Play Wants and the indulgence of Play Wants results in happiness which in turn stimulates the drive for more Play Wants and so on and so forth…


So despite there being the distinction between Play Needs and Play Wants it seems they are just as essential as each other to the survival of the continuum. And if my back has to be sacrificed to the survival of that continuum so be it.


In the broadest sense of the term; play is the pursuit of happiness.


The only remaining question I can currently think of is what came first, the chicken or the egg, the Play Want or the Play Need. If this continuum exists then it must have had a beginning. And even if it doesn’t exist I still find it helpful in terms of my own playwork practice. I would think it was the happiness (just a guess of logic) which came first and then began the cycle. If a Play Want is driven by happiness then that is that, but happiness can be caused by more than just the indulgence of Play Wants. But where then did this initial happiness come from?
Well babies always crying once they’re first born so it’s not there. I would think that it was given to us by the previous generation, by our parents. Whether by a funny face, a pat on the back or a warm hug, whatever action that gave us that first good feeling began the cycle of infinite possibility, of the infinite ways to Play. Or perhaps even further back, in the suspended comfort of the womb.

 
 
 


So under that assumption is Play innate?
That’s a big question I didn’t mean to unlock. What I mean is that it is natural to want to feel good but is the urge to play innate? Or is it just the cycle of receiving and seeking positive feeling? A cycle that we begin and follow but an incredibly young age?
I’m not saying it’s not innate, don’t shoot me, it was just a thought I had and found it intriguing.


I’m going to stop there and hope that my insomnia is gone…